Surface phenomena during the early stages of sintering in steels modified with Fe-Mn-Si-C master alloy Articles uri icon

publication date

  • December 2013

start page

  • 80

end page

  • 91

volume

  • 86

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 1044-5803

Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)

  • 1873-4189

abstract

  • The characteristics of the metallic powder surface play a critical role in the development of strong bonds between particles during sintering, especially when introducing elements with a high affinity for oxygen. In this study, Mn and Si have been combined in a Fe-Mn-Si-C master alloy powder in order to reduce their chemical activity and prevent oxidation during the heating stage of the sintering process. However, when this master alloy powder is mixed with an iron base powder, differences in chemical activity between both components can lead to an oxygen transfer from the iron base powder to the surface of the master alloy particles. The present research is focused on studying the evolution of the master alloy particle surface during the early stages of sintering. Surface characterization by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the master alloy powder surface is mostly covered by a thin easily reducible iron oxide layer (similar to 1 nm). Mn-Si particulate oxides are found as inclusions in specific areas of the surface. Evolution of oxides during sintering was studied on green compacts containing iron powder, graphite and Fe-Mn-Si-C master alloy powder that were heat treated in vacuum (10(-6) mbar) at different temperatures (from 400, 600, 800 to 1000 degrees C) and analyzed by means of XPS. Vacuum sintering provides the necessary conditions to remove manganese and silicon oxides from the powder surface in the range of temperatures between 600 degrees C and 1000 degrees C. When sintering in vacuum, since the gaseous products from reduction processes are continuously eliminated, oxidation of master alloy particles due to oxygen transfer through the atmosphere is minimized.

keywords

  • oxide evolution; xps analyses; master alloys; fe-mn-si-c; heterogeneous chemical activity