Magnetic-Driven Viscous Mechanisms in Ultra-Soft Magnetorheological Elastomers Offer History-Dependent Actuation with Reprogrammability Options Articles uri icon

publication date

  • September 2025

start page

  • 1

end page

  • 14

issue

  • 35

volume

  • 12

Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)

  • 2198-3844

abstract

  • This work elucidates an important open question in the field of mechanically soft magnetorheological elastomers (MREs): how microstructural rearrangements during magnetic actuation modulate their viscoelastic behavior. Experimental assays are provided on mechanically confined and very soft MREs that, under magnetic actuation, show an order of magnitude increase in relaxation times compared to purely mechanical cases. It is demonstrated that such a modulation in the viscous response can be tuned by the amplitude and actuation rate of the magnetic stimuli, and is intrinsically linked to microstructural rearrangements of the magnetic particles. Motivated by these experimental observations, magnetic actuation protocols are conceived to enable mechanical responses in soft materials with force-memory. Specifically, due to the magnetically induced long-term viscous relaxation, one can induce magnetic-driven yielding by introducing material hardening during cycling loading. This mechanical memory of the MRE can be subsequently removed by releasing the magnetic stimuli for (Formula presented.) h, resetting the material performance and its microstructural state. These mechanisms are deeply understood by a combination of different experimental approaches and a new theoretical magneto-mechanical continuum model. The results reported herein respond to unraveled fundamental questions in soft MREs, and provide a game-changing concept for designing a new branch of soft sensor-actuator and reservoir computing systems.

subjects

  • Materials science and engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering

keywords

  • constitutive model; magnetorheological elastomer; mechanical memory; resevoir computing; viscoelasticity