Low-Cost Electromagnetic Split-Ring Resonator Sensor System for the Petroleum Industry Articles uri icon

authors

  • RIVERA LAVADO, ALEJANDRO
  • GARCIA LAMPEREZ, ALEJANDRO
  • JARA GALÁN, MARÍA ESTRELLA
  • GALLO VALVERDE, EMILIO
  • SANZ, PAULA
  • SEGOVIA VARGAS, DANIEL

publication date

  • May 2022

start page

  • 3345

end page

  • 3359

issue

  • 9

volume

  • 22

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 1424-3210

Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)

  • 1424-8220

abstract

  • The use of a low-cost split-ring resonator (SRR) passive sensor for the real-time permittivity
    characterization of hydrocarbon fluids is proposed in this paper. The characterization of the sensor
    is performed through both full-wave simulation and measurements. Thanks to the analysis of
    several crude samples, the possibility of discrimination between different types of crude and the
    estimation of several of their properties are demonstrated. Between them, the estimation of sulfur,
    aromatic hydrocarbons, and salt-water concentrations either in normal ambient conditions or in a
    high-pressure and high-temperature environment can be mentioned. Experiments were run both at
    normal ambient conditions and pressures up to 970 bar and temperatures up to 200 °C.

subjects

  • Telecommunications

keywords

  • effective permittivity; resonator; sensor; split-ring resonator (srr); submersible sensor